How Does CBD Affect The Brain?
CBD, also known as cannabidiol, is a non-intoxicating compound that is derived from the cannabis plant. While CBD is known for its potential health benefits, such as reducing anxiety and relieving pain, its effects on the brain are not yet fully understood. In this article, we will explore how CBD affects the brain in detail and look at some of the research that supports these claims.
Interaction with Cannabinoid Receptors:
One of the ways that CBD affects the brain is by interacting with cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are found throughout the body, including in the brain, and are involved in regulating a variety of functions such as mood, appetite, and pain sensation. CBD is believed to interact with these receptors in a different way than THC, the psychoactive compound found in cannabis. While THC binds directly to cannabinoid receptors, CBD is believed to modulate the activity of these receptors indirectly (1).
Influence on Neurotransmitters:
CBD has also been found to influence the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. For example, it has been shown to increase the levels of anandamide, a neurotransmitter that is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and pain sensation (2). Anandamide is known as the "bliss molecule" because it can produce feelings of happiness and well-being. By increasing the levels of anandamide, CBD may be able to produce similar effects.
Reduction in Inflammation:
CBD has also been found to have anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation in the brain is believed to play a role in the development of certain neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. CBD has been found to reduce inflammation in the brain by interacting with immune cells in the brain known as microglia (3). By reducing inflammation, CBD may be able to protect the brain from damage and improve neurological function.
Effects on Neuroplasticity:
Another way that CBD affects the brain is by influencing neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change over time in response to environmental stimuli. CBD has been found to increase neuroplasticity by stimulating the growth of new brain cells and increasing the connections between existing brain cells (4). This may be particularly beneficial for people with neurological disorders, as it could help to improve cognitive function and reduce symptoms.
Potential Treatment for Neurological Disorders:
Because of its effects on the brain, CBD has been studied as a potential treatment for a variety of neurological disorders. For example, it has been found to be effective in reducing seizures in people with epilepsy (5). It has also been studied as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease, among others. While more research is needed to fully understand the potential of CBD for these conditions, the existing research is promising.
Conclusion:
CBD affects the brain in a variety of ways, including by interacting with cannabinoid receptors, influencing neurotransmitter levels, reducing inflammation, and improving neuroplasticity. Because of its effects on the brain, CBD has been studied as a potential treatment for a variety of neurological disorders. While more research is needed to fully understand the effects of CBD on the brain, the existing research is promising.
Citations:
Ibeas Bih, C., Chen, T., Nunn, A. V., Bazelot, M., Dallas, M., & Whalley, B. J. (2015). Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 12(4), 699-730.
Leweke, F. M., Piomelli, D., Pahlisch, F., Muhl, D., Gerth, C. W., Hoyer,